Time Periods
Calabrian
- Age:
- Calabrian
- Epoch:
- Pleistocene
- Period:
- Quaternary
- Age range:
- 0.77 - 1.806 Ma
- Classifications:
- Homo, Homo denisovans, Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalensis, Paranthropus, Paranthropus boisei
- Cultures:
- Oldowan
Hide
Sites
Name | Age Min | Age Max |
---|---|---|
Denisova Cave | 41590 | 216900 |
Dmanisi | 1770000 | 1850000 |
Happisburgh | ||
Koobi Fora Area 104 | 1630000 | 1790000 |
Olduvai Gorge (FLK I) | 430000 | 2588000 |
Peninj | ||
Sangiran | 700000 | 900000 |
Sima del Elefante | 1200000 | 1300000 |
Swartkrans | 870000 | 2330000 |
3D Models, Videos and Images
Homo erectus: cranium (KNM-ER 3733)
Paranthropus boisei: cranium (OH 5)
Homo erectus: cranium (Sangiran 17)
Homo erectus: cranium (Sangiran 2)
Sangiran Early Man Site (UNESCO/NHK)
Dmanisi Hominids - Mysterious Archaic Human Origins Explained
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca (UNESCO/NHK)
The Ancient Human Species With A Missing Body
Denisovans: Our Mysterious Cousins That Made Us Better
Homo habilis: cranium (SK 847)
Paranthropus robustus: cranium (SK 46)
Olorgesailie, a unique pre-historic site where hand axe tools were discovered
Eventlog (Episode 1): 1.5 Million Year Old Jaw From Eastern Africa (Peninj)
Fossil KNM-ER 3733
Source: Fossil KNM-ER 3733
![Homo erectus KNM ER 3733](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/8lymjmwgj0ys51u4koahvrptgbpn?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Homo_erectus_KNM_ER_3733.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Homo_erectus_KNM_ER_3733.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0828688a7684ae65d0e3f2ab776ac41788845a0412f2274e5ec4cc1f3989d1fb)
Homo erectus KNM ER 3733
Source: Homo erectus KNM ER 3733
![Homo ergaster (KNM-ER 3733 cast) at Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum 8592](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/bimvlziat9ek4y4gpi7ctfdnrmsg?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Homo_ergaster_%2528KNM-ER_3733_cast%2529_at_Goteborgs_Naturhistoriska_Museum_8592.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Homo_ergaster_%2528KNM-ER_3733_cast%2529_at_G%25C3%25B6teborgs_Naturhistoriska_Museum_8592.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=2c59b373406991e0fa6b035615fccb0a47ca58ab9e9ee641e0f675d97eac0953)
Homo ergaster (KNM-ER 3733 cast) at Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum 8592
![Calvaria Sangiran II (D)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/lma493a0lqigjbxl4v8iou4ck6ma?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%2528D%2529.jpeg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%2528D%2529.jpeg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e7b4d9fd1aaa8e24f72b3a7c9f22812586c5195e89710011de7ba6d7fc2a853b)
Calvaria Sangiran II (D)
Source: Calvaria Sangiran II (D)
![Calvaria Sangiran II (B)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/hbozsl0w7no1h5vgxbq0i2xhk85w?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%2528B%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%2528B%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=ef8aac6acdaf9026b132b7927cdc171b5f8315e826bf92464eef0ebd6f4ed4bf)
Calvaria Sangiran II (B)
Source: Calvaria Sangiran II (B)
![Sangiran 17-02](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/zb142zj5shzlgh1vognegzps4rkf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%222048px-Sangiran_17-02.jpeg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%272048px-Sangiran_17-02.jpeg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a126950e6484a70086ef97bb9b7f37dababf9a8cae0e32d316e9df84ef175ac7)
Sangiran 17-02
Source: Sangiran 17-02
![Homo erectus Sangiran 17 IMG 5641 BMNH](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/82o0c20wvrbsk2afw2ue8vow2emq?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Homo_erectus_Sangiran_17_IMG_5641_BMNH.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Homo_erectus_Sangiran_17_IMG_5641_BMNH.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=3c837c8943419c3b9cc9247215fb6fe2f87394b42f77517e8ea0b44fc3e1222a)
Homo erectus Sangiran 17 IMG 5641 BMNH
![Atapuerca, excavación TE](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/bnnonrrdkau8kh3nqlftm70qlp9z?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Atapuerca%252C_excavacion_TE.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Atapuerca%252C_excavaci%25C3%25B3n_TE.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=586fd7d32afe66f789c0d7a1dd27e339d9b2f460298d1472dc59ced60b44e4c3)
Atapuerca, excavación TE
Source: Atapuerca, excavacion TE
![Elefante-Atapuerca2006](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/7wv83gktsy558u4wgd58k1y7hqww?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Elefante-Atapuerca2006.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Elefante-Atapuerca2006.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0a273df419997d532e6a80fa6f623c83863a195b1f91630582851ad59e747efb)
Elefante-Atapuerca2006
Source: Elefante-Atapuerca2006
![Atapuerca map](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/8lww0lwbkp8gyhaqma168kb76n4g?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22512px-Atapuerca_map.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27512px-Atapuerca_map.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=4a7e114ad425081bc4d6e92fda880f59b31e7d7f72e0a456ae61f6d90ae793e4)
Atapuerca map
Source: Atapuerca map
![Mandible Sima del Elefante](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/z3q9gh0uhru0h7vsmqlr86stfhpx?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%221024px-Mandible_Sima_del_Elefante.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%271024px-Mandible_Sima_del_Elefante.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=1b1563770f47442dc6a40a1182f68df0358b8f64f81121bf4df72bcc2c361a92)
Mandible Sima del Elefante
Source: Mandible Sima del Elefante
![Denisova Neandertal Toe (Denisova 5)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/7ofertla7i4fcz5kj15qx90glz82?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Denisova_Neandertal_Toe%20Denisova%205.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Denisova_Neandertal_Toe%2520Denisova%25205.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a2821eb96887ddf53f905499330ba2b1c7dceac882d2af0d5fe16d3ce3d72b75)
Denisova Neandertal Toe (Denisova 5)
![Denisova-111 (Denisova 11)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/zmqflb26fhrt945vpty5zoo0fpkd?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Denisova-111.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Denisova-111.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=4ea079c26b334f9eed868419527299a91583c6243b891227a1e2bd3f32a00763)
Denisova-111 (Denisova 11)
Source: Denisova-111 (Denisova 11)
![Homo ergaster KNM-ER 3733 IMG 5637 BMNH](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/o7ndydf9l2bh0ng2jh51c6xomqbq?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Homo_ergaster_KNM-ER_3733_IMG_5637_BMNH.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Homo_ergaster_KNM-ER_3733_IMG_5637_BMNH.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=076e0b323c904ebe3c4617c53175c71ab5f1a9452225e1c8d841ecd339fc1633)
Homo ergaster KNM-ER 3733 IMG 5637 BMNH
![Paranthropus boisei IMG 2933-black - OH 5](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/b91d4xrcb5qa9hnta8h41grmqbkg?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Paranthropus%20boisei%20IMG%202933-black%20-%20OH%205.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Paranthropus%2520boisei%2520IMG%25202933-black%2520-%2520OH%25205.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=f5bcd2ebe20df21c785b2990682fc3dc9f5fb68205948550223fbdb7db29c963)
Paranthropus boisei IMG 2933-black - OH 5
Australophithecus boisei (cast), Olduvai Gorge - Springfield Science Museum - Springfield, MA - DSC03368 - OH 5
![Plaque where Mary Leakey found Zinjanthropus skull, Tanzania](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/b7es67iin35xc8x9tzv25ptu6dp5?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Plaque_where_Mary_Leakey_found_Zinjanthropus_skull%252C_Tanzania.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Plaque_where_Mary_Leakey_found_Zinjanthropus_skull%252C_Tanzania.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=30a7ee3a58c187f5d0d82565e175846d03190721397396c4667aa2123a8db189)
Plaque where Mary Leakey found Zinjanthropus skull, Tanzania
![Plaque marking the discovery of Australopithecus in Tanzania](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/d7t6dujobij7ahb92c7ctkr0cdxv?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Plaque_marking_the_discovery_of_Australopithecus_in_Tanzania.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Plaque_marking_the_discovery_of_Australopithecus_in_Tanzania.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=c556d66553d4e64298618ce2efe294f5633035e50593dca87813900eb9388121)
Plaque marking the discovery of Australopithecus in Tanzania
![Homo heidelbergensis Cranium 5](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/hqiumlu7w80yin2blu9jklfweoe6?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Homo_heidelbergensis-Cranium_-5.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Homo_heidelbergensis-Cranium_-5.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=edf2a4daec9a4c663ae5af86ba4d84d48968e3de1ebfcd5ec3a3bca9c5f8d646)
Homo heidelbergensis Cranium 5
![Olorgesailiesite1993(2)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/g9zupkh6k6wblywzx02650uy53r3?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailiesite1993%25282%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailiesite1993%25282%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=bbbde9fa5619def6ec0db5d1c958962c552c2b76e29531c807c19a25e6a8619c)
Olorgesailiesite1993(2)
Source: Olorgesailiesite1993(2)
![Olorgesailie 002](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/d9f2sjsg37p1ekyd5rx3xll9ef5s?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailie_002.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailie_002.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=ffc84c00eacf14d71333902e8334ac7985ee0690747deddd137f625419bd8fb7)
Olorgesailie 002
Source: Olorgesailie 002
![Olorgesailie axes](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/ai8244xxj5qyhgkgsyydt40bygyz?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailie_axes.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailie_axes.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=9ca126cb5cca5e8f64800ae47f6159d2981c2bb612e58a58b85673147b15e122)
Olorgesailie axes
Source: Olorgesailie axes
![Olorgesailie fossils](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/u9k3ni0i7yaksox0f0f0f0ji9e6q?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailie_fossils.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailie_fossils.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=77dfd933d90c371800e63b33882feeb786e31d630d83f3d043bee025d6c7f9c3)
Olorgesailie fossils
Source: Olorgesailie fossils
![OlorgesailieLandscape1993](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/t8v3iocgj96r9097hj9j0v7qu5k9?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22OlorgesailieLandscape1993.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27OlorgesailieLandscape1993.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=c0e537d1a5bb43025a15d5677f97163e5d30ab1f8303f289e0cdb7912f1d3b75)
OlorgesailieLandscape1993
Source: OlorgesailieLandscape1993
![Olorgesailiesite1993(3)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/glyrepxm6626lf6zzg2883ut1fe1?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailiesite1993%25283%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailiesite1993%25283%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=7f19e3b1f0a4aee59640357c400c55bb9b932a6b6c6f9a30209155e756227cb5)
Olorgesailiesite1993(3)
Source: Olorgesailiesite1993(3)
![Olorgesailiesite1993(4)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wi4hj59xq0wg80qriwpkdl59xpzf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%222048px-Olorgesailiesite1993%25284%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%272048px-Olorgesailiesite1993%25284%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=fb93bc79bda21c66bb03d6fd5903cb6d093932dcf90ba095c42dd100d4368d9c)
Olorgesailiesite1993(4)
Source: Olorgesailiesite1993(4)
![Olorgesailiesite1993(1)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/mm8j7p0o6qtlvqkdlkd48482zse3?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%221024px-Olorgesailiesite1993%25281%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%271024px-Olorgesailiesite1993%25281%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=99d3a2bc8f31377a6bf8d679f7f6ac95d40733ff5280870d5d3ba58da560d589)
Olorgesailiesite1993(1)
Source: Olorgesailiesite1993(1)
![Olorgesailiefouilles(1)](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/3p0wk3bd243xpc3z7oe5oxuood66?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Olorgesailiefouilles%25281%2529.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Olorgesailiefouilles%25281%2529.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=1f7d94b7330f2768efc6cffee987fba103a128fde5ed6a542c6849a08a2e6290)
Olorgesailiefouilles(1)
Source: Olorgesailiefouilles(1)
![Peninj mandible. Paranthropus boisei](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/ubu5t1dw4kcqxi12pxtcv7quniv8?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Peninj_mandible._Paranthropus_boisei.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Peninj_mandible._Paranthropus_boisei.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e07d5269b749e8c67c3d81169d029a7945503ed4a62ca6b6228416bbec394d29)
Peninj mandible. Paranthropus boisei
![SterkfonteinCave](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/xu73muoz8nixyj9i37szeqg7jl7d?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22512px-SterkfonteinCave.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27512px-SterkfonteinCave.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=7e076d75ea774bc72591d5984ae5107903112d65dd97618019928eff80634c97)
SterkfonteinCave
Source: SterkfonteinCave
![Sterkfontein Caves 34](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/vq66uw3btpt476hkl53lbeejzgyi?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Sterkfontein_Caves_34.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sterkfontein_Caves_34.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0e51b61808f775d30c6dd23c47b0b986cea2917c608b0fe3c6ec145c0bc613ea)
Sterkfontein Caves 34
Source: Sterkfontein Caves 34
![Sterkfontein Caves 42](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/78zkgcdywuni661swr93r6cp7mvo?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Sterkfontein_Caves_42.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sterkfontein_Caves_42.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b64d361b21057ad7b47ceab6b2e08faa235596ece38175d5d6245ddef23d6555)
Sterkfontein Caves 42
Source: Sterkfontein Caves 42
![Sterkfontein Caves 59](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/tbo4bjgff8ifaqrwrg35fc4gf41l?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Sterkfontein_Caves_59.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sterkfontein_Caves_59.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e3bf1c1b930a21830f0bbb9a9988f3d66bad101ab3ed0926eb5cdb9ce8c31330)
Sterkfontein Caves 59
Source: Sterkfontein Caves 59
![Sterkfontein Caves 15](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/pezvjrzoyu9joarvyvy1zglcx0b3?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Sterkfontein_Caves_15.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sterkfontein_Caves_15.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=8616acce1eccfda7f7b34c4c4685013e1f3c81cced6dd8d4fc8596d919ff7653)
Sterkfontein Caves 15
Source: Sterkfontein Caves 15
![Sterkfontein](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/pfi1zmp6ioouwroyylzmbi22h66x?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%222048px-Sterkfontein.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%272048px-Sterkfontein.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b058d225ac7cd414f0e80f71777b41d06e4a92dff172befb8db76f3aa33535ff)
Sterkfontein
Source: Sterkfontein
![Sterkfontein Caves 33](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sx0cyapezxa3tpii1ni85936bd2f?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Sterkfontein_Caves_33.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sterkfontein_Caves_33.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b0d3edf4818552a7ae7a24ea73bdf8dc2cbc34128e6246285ae5b25a2b990584)
Sterkfontein Caves 33
Source: Sterkfontein Caves 33
![View of the GD 1 Excavations In Progress](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/lmgtjtoln6h0o4np67zio32v5047?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%221024px-View_of_the_GD_1_Excavations_In_Progress.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%271024px-View_of_the_GD_1_Excavations_In_Progress.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=5974000541e8a32c818ad8addf70e921adaa840e01d6b78052e956423348eec0)
View of the GD 1 Excavations In Progress
![Composite view GD 2 fossil site](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/7y79u29dt7r4alv4xc42fj0h95ey?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Composite_view_GD_2_fossil_site.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Composite_view_GD_2_fossil_site.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084909Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b60de6bcfeb892274d8a8549955ba08fb8e79911a8250e41f2b12e66bcc95bb6)
Composite view GD 2 fossil site
Source: Composite view GD 2 fossil site
![Students at Motsetse](https://gignos-api-uploads.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/nuja6e61x8fjqtu1hmf7fxtx9hpi?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Students_at_Motsetse.jpg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Students_at_Motsetse.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JE4TXYOZ2XVUKNK%2F20240727%2Fus-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T084910Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=c6bd4a967fc2c2c050ed446334af6b4f502ea67e423a8a9f01bc81b2b6c56a91)
Students at Motsetse
Source: Students at Motsetse