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73-61176 is an early-stage bifacial overshot thinning flake discovered in situ at 411.455 masl with a finely faceted bifacial platform and distal termination that removed a square edge from an opposing tool margin. This debitage was found below the stratigraphic position of the three oldest radiocarbon ages, dating 15,310 to 15,100 cal BP [1].

73-626 is a stemmed projectile point discovered in pit feature A2 (PFA2), Area A at Cooper’s Ferry site in Idaho [1][2].

73-628 is a stemmed projectile point discovered in pit feature A2 (PFA2), Area A at Cooper’s Ferry site in Idaho [1][2].

73-4423 is a hammerstone discovered in pit feature A2 (PFA2), Area A at Cooper’s Ferry site in Idaho [1].

Homo luzonensis, also locally called "Ubag" after a mythical caveman, is an extinct, possibly pygmy, species of archaic human from the Late Pleistocene of Luzon, the Philippines. Their remains, teeth and phalanges, are known only from Callao Cave in the northern part of the island dating to before 50,000 years ago. They were initially identified as belonging to modern humans in 2010, but in 2019, after the discovery of more specimens, they were placed into a new species based on the presence of a wide range of traits similar to modern humans as well as to Australopithecus and early Homo.

Their ancestors, who may have been Asian H. erectus or some other even earlier Homo, would have needed to have made a sea crossing of several miles at minimum to reach the island. Human presence on Luzon dates to at latest 771,000 to 631,000 years ago. The inhabitants of the cave dragged in mainly Philippine deer carcasses, and used tools for butchering.[1]

Cooper’s Ferry is an archaeological site located in the lower Salmon River canyon in the western part of Idaho in the United States of America [1]. The site produced almost two hundred stone artefacts, including projectile points, flake tools, and bone fragments from large mammals from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene [2]. The site is on traditional Nez Perce land and is known to the tribe as the historical village of Nipéhe [1]. The charcoal and bones found at the site provide evidence of human presence as early as 16,000 years ago [3].

The Arbreda cave, contains important occupations of the Middle and Upper Palacolihic, enable us to accurately and clearly appreciate the differences between the two periods. The Middle Paleolithic is characterized by the use of native stones; quartz, quartzite and other stones found in the riverbed. In the Upper Paleolithic we highlighted the use of flints that carried from elsewhere.[1]