Dederiyeh Cave is a prehistoric site in northwestern Syria where the remains of 17 Neanderthals have been unearthed. The site covers the period from the late Lower Paleolithic to the Late Epipaleolithic. The cave, which was discovered in 1987, is located 60 km from Aleppo in the valley of the Afrin River, on the left bank of the Dederiyeh wadi, at an altitude of 450 meters. Its name is Kurdish and means "two entrances".

Neanderthal fossils from the Middle Paleolithic of Dederiyeh were found in layers with a Mousterian industry. The site also presents Yabroudian and Natufian levels.