In 1993, archaeologists Takeru Akazawa and Sultan Muhesen found the skeleton of the first Neanderthal child in layer 11 of the cave, dated to 70,000 to 50,000 years ago. It consists of about 200 bones. The child lies on his back, legs bent. Near its head is a stone slab, and near the heart is a flint tool. The burial consists of a round pit 2.5 m in diameter and 1.5 m deep, with a flat bottom. The head probably rested on the stone slab, as was observed for the 20- to 30-year-old Neanderthal from Shanidar; this position has been compared to that of the Neanderthal Child of the Roc de Marsal whose head rests on a "cushion" of bones, and that of the teenager of the lower shelter of Moustier, whose head rests on stone tools.

A large number of heavily abraded and broken flints, having Middle Paleolithic characteristics are associated with the skeleton.

The skeleton of Dederiyeh 1 proved that Neanderthal children had a childhood as long as today's children, whereas previously it was thought that the duration of their childhood was short, close to that of primates; thus the leg bones of Dederiyeh 1 are about the same length as those of a modern two-year-old child.

Scientists attempted to reconstruct the child's skeleton, movements, and growth sequences as part of the Neanderthal Reconstruction Project. The child was about 80 cm tall. The age of about two years could be determined thanks to the baby teeth, but the sexual characteristics of the immature skeleton were not yet developed, so it is impossible to know whether it is a girl or a boy. Dederiyeh 1's head is larger than today's children's, as is the set of bones. While the nasal bone is very large, the chin, instead of projecting forward, like that of today's Men, leans somewhat backward. The pubic bone is relatively large. The bones of the face are missing but can be replenished thanks to the facial bones of Dederiyeh 2, a child of the same age. A complete model of the Neanderthal child was thus proposed, and it was possible to reconstruct sequences of movement.