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Zhoukoudian Locality 1 also known as the Peking Man Site is a cave site in Beijing famous for the discovery of the first fossils of Peking Man or Homo erectus pekinensis [1]. With a find of 6 fairly complete hominin crania and bones representing at least 40 individuals, 98 species of non-hominin mammalian fossils, and tens of thousands of stone artefacts, Zhoukoudian Locality 1 has remained the largest single source of Homo erectus (pekinensis) and is one of the most important palaeolithic sites in the world [2][3][4][5][6].

The Trinil site on Java Island in Indonesia is well-known for the discovery of the Homo erectus, previously known as Pithecanthropus erectus, by Dutch anatomist Eugène Dubois. His hominin finds were the first early hominin remains discovered outside of Europe [1][2]. Alongside the early hominin remains, the site has also produced numerous vertebrate fossils [3][4] which have contributed to our understanding of regional Pleistocene vertebrate biostratigraphy [5][6][7][8] and biogeography [9][10]. Additionally, a fossil shell with a geometric pattern, considered the world’s oldest hominin-made engravings was also discovered at the site [11][12].