Romuald’s Cave (Croatian: Romualdova pećina) is a cave in the western part of Istria County, Croatia, that contains the oldest known cave paintings in southeast Europe, as well as traces of both animal and human Upper Paleolithic habitation. Although the cave has been excavated since late 19th century, the paintings were only found in 2010, by Professor Darko Komšo, while the findings were published in Antiquity in 2019.

The dating of the cave paintings was based on three factors: the style of the paintings themselves, the dating of evidence of human habitation at the cave entrance, and radiocarbon dating of three charcoal samples near the paintings.

There is a noted difference in dates obtained from the habitation traces at the cave entrance, and from those obtained through radiocarbon dating of the charcoal samples. The chronology of dates at the cave entrance is dated to 34 to 31.5 thousand BP, while two of the charcoal samples return a date of 17 thousand BP, and one charcoal sample returning a date of 12.7 thousand BP. With the disparity of present evidence, two possible chronological hypotheses are possible for the cave art: they can either be dated to the Early Upper Paleolithic (34-31 thousand BP), or to the Epigravettian (17 thousand BP), although one of the dates gotten through the radiocarbon dating would then have to be assumed as contaminated.