The Paleolithic site of Roc-en-Pail is a prehistoric site located in Chalonnes-sur-Loire, in the French department of Maine-et-Loire. The site has notably yielded Mousterian lithic remains and fossil remains of Neanderthals.

Roc-en-Pail is an old karst cavity filled over time, then uncovered by the industrial exploitation of limestone. The archaeological sequence extends over almost five meters thick, with many lithic and faunal remains on different levels. The intermediate levels yielded Quina-type Mousterian and the more recent levels denticulate Mousterian, bringing Roc-en-Pail closer to comparable sites in southwestern France.