Matupi Cave is a cave in the Mount Hoyo massif of the Ituri Rainforest, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where archaeologists have found evidence for Late Stone Age human occupation spanning over 40,000 years. The cave has some of the earliest evidence in the world for microlithic tool technologies.

Matupi Cave is one of some 40 caves in the Mount Hoyo limestone massif in the Ituri rainforest, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a large cave (c. 7 metres high, 8 metres deep and 5 metres wide), which makes it ideal for living. The Matupi Cave site was excavated in 1973-74 by a joint archaeological expedition from the Institut des Musées Nationaux du Zaïre (DRC) and the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren, Belgium). The excavation campaign was led by professor Francis Van Noten, then head of the Prehistory-Archaeology section in Tervuren.

Excavations yielded Iron Age and Late Stone Age artifacts, as well as rich faunal and sporadic palynological remains. The special significance of the Matupi Cave finds is that these provide some of the earliest evidence for microlithic tool technologies found in Central Africa and beyond (up to +40,000 years before present – BP). Moreover, the Matupi Cave excavations prove that the term Late Stone Age should not be used in a chronological sense, but only in a technological one. Finally, Matupi Cave provides important clues as to climatological changes taking place in the area over at least the past 12,000 years.