Kuumbi Cave (Pango la Kuumbi in Swahili) is an archaeological site located in Kusini District, Unguja South Region of Tanzania. It has been important in determining patterns of human occupation since its formation over 20,000 years ago. Unusual lithic and ceramic finds dated within the last 2,000 years make Kuumbi Cave a unique site. Its name in Swahili, Pango la Kuumbi, translates to "Cave of Creation".

There are multiple stories of the discovery of the cave by the ancestors of local informants. In one version, a hunting party followed an antelope through the brush into a cave with fresh water and eventually decided to stay there.

Excavations of Later Stone Age stone tools dating back to at least 22,000 years ago indicate that the island was occupied during the Late Pleistocene. Kuumbi Cave appears to have been abandoned and then later resettled some number of times. There were at least two occupations during the terminal Pleistocene and Holocene and another more recent reoccupation by 600 A.D.

During periods of human occupation on the island, large mammal populations have fallen or completely disappeared, though it is unclear if this is attributable to anthropogenic or natural causes. Small bovids, hyrax, giant pouched rats, monkeys, and giant snails appear to have been a constant terrestrial food source in the region. Zebras and larger bovids disappeared early on in the anthropogenic record.

A human skeleton was found under what appears to be a stone cairn. Associated charcoal was dated to over 12,000 years ago.