For some time, Kelsterbach was considered the place where the oldest anatomically modern man in Europe was found. However, the alleged skull of a Cro-Magnon man, known as the Lady of Kelsterbach and dated to an age of 32,000 years, disappeared without a trace in 2004 in connection with the scandal surrounding the anthropologist Reiner Protsch and was probably a forgery.

From the Mesolithic period, microliths have been found in the area of the Kelsterbach Terrace. Whether these are traces of settlement remains to be seen. Even numerous ceramic finds dating to all epochs of the Neolithic Age do not necessarily prove a permanent settlement.