The Payre caves are prehistoric sites in the middle Rhone Valley, located at the southeastern end of the gorges of the Payre River, in the commune of Rompon, in the Ardèche, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. They take their name from the nearby hamlet of Payre, which is located on the territory of the commune of Le Pouzin, bordering Rompon. In particular, they delivered a Mousterian industry of the Middle Paleolithic.

Human occupation of the Payre site extends from the Late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene, from the end of isotopic stage 8 to the beginning of isotopic stage 5 according to radiometric and paleoenvironmental dating4. Neanderthal fossils have been discovered there.