The Grotte des Hoteaux is a French prehistoric site located in the commune of Rossillon, in the department of Ain. This Upper Paleolithic deposit has yielded one of the first burials of this time as well as a lithic and bone industry dating back to the Magdalenian. The Grotte des Hoteaux is a natural area of ecological, faunistic and floristic interest type I.

The cave was discovered in 1894 by the abbot of Saint Rambert en Bugey Joseph Tournier and Charles Guillon, an archaeologist and collector from Bourg-en-Bresse.

In 1894, their excavations brought to light nine homes, each corresponding to an age of occupation (two Neolithic, seven Mesolithic and Magdalenian). An almost intact skeleton of a Magdalenian teenager is discovered resting on an ochre bed in the 6th home. We also discover around the grave a 24 cm command staff made of reindeer antlers, a knife, a blade, a pierced reindeer tooth, a spear point and cut flints.

On the staff of command is engraved a reindeer's head, "the bramant deer", a true jewel of the art Magdalénien.Il is also impregnated with the red ochre covering the bones.

The skeleton, deposited since 1894 at the museum of Brou, in Bourg-en Bresse, has been very little studied. It has been identified as feminine in Henri-Victor Vallois' "Catalogue des Hommes Fossiles", but remains strongly assumed masculine by a majority of researchers.

However, the Quaternary burial is at the origin of sharp quarrels between the archaeologists Gabriel de Mortillet and Ernest d'Acy.

The Natural History Society of Ain, dispatched by researchers, having noted the virginity of the place and the absence of traces of alteration, Gabriel de Mortillet strives to prove the inaccuracy of the age of the burial given by d'Acy, because of the dating errors made on the various cuts and the position of the skeleton in the cup. We will find the same subject of controversy concerning the cave of the Colombière, in Neuville-sur-Ain.

In 1951, the paleontologist Henri-Victor Vallois attempted a reconstruction of the Hoteaux skull but at the end of the 1960s, this skull disappeared and was never found.

The cave was excavated again In 1951, the study of lithic material and animal bones, identified as cave hyena, reindeer, marmot, deer, ibex, and wild boar was resumed. A stratigraphic study is also carried out.