The Cave of Niaux (French: Grotte de Niaux) is located in the Niaux commune, Ariège département in south-western France as part of a wider geological system that includes the Sabart Cave and Lombrives Cave in the hill of Cap de la Lesse de Bialac. The Niaux cave's system is complex and has a combined length of more than 14 km (8.70 mi) of underground passages and chambers. 

The cave of Niaux contains a very rich parietal art including most of the species specific to the prehistoric fauna of the Pyrenees. Animals are painted mostly with dark matter, whose identified origin is charcoal or manganese dioxide, sometimes with red material obtained from crushed hematite.

The main hall, which houses the most spectacular animal representations, is called the "Black Room". The cave also delivered signs such as red and black dots or strokes, either isolated on the walls or associated with representations of animals. The age of the Black Salon paintings containing charcoal has been estimated at 13,000 years by carbon-14 dating.

The bestiary represented includes mainly bison (54), horses (29), ibex (15) as well as deer and even fish. The morphology of the horses evokes that of the current pottok, endemic horse of the Pyrenees, still present in the Basque Country. The presence of a trace sketching a weasel deserves to be highlighted, as this animal is rarely represented in Magdalenian parietal art.