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KNM-ER 814B is a cranial fragment of a Paranthropus boisei. It was found in Area 104 of Koobi Fora [1][2]. It was stratigraphically located 4m below the A2 marker in KBS member and is dated to ~1.78 Ma [3][4].

KNM-ER 814C is a cranial fragment of a Paranthropus boisei. It was found in Area 104 of Koobi Fora [1][2]. It was stratigraphically located 4m below the A2 marker in KBS member and is dated to ~1.78 Ma [3][4]. 

KNM-ER 814D is a cranial fragment of a Paranthropus boisei. It was found in Area 104 of Koobi Fora [1][2]. It was stratigraphically located 4m below the A2 marker in KBS member and is dated to ~1.78 Ma [3][4].

D3444 is a hominin skull found in the Dmanisi site in Georgia. Skull 3 is made up of D3444 and D2600 (mandible). This individual is notable in that it lost all but one tooth and could have only survived by eating food that did not require heavy chewing, such as soft plants and animal food, or by receiving help from other individuals [1][2][3].

Lucy is one of the most famous hominins ever found. She was discovered in Hadar, a palaeoanthropological site in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle in Ethiopia in 1974. This partial skeleton of a female Australopithecus afarensis is composed of several hundred pieces of fossiled bones representing 40 percent of the individual [1][2][3][4].

Sima del Elefante (TE) is one of the main palaeoanthropological sites in the Sierra de Atapuerca archaeological cave complex [1][2], a UNESCO World Heritage site in Spain [3]. The Sima del Elefante site preserves a long Early to Middle Pleistocene sequence with Oldowan and Acheulean tools, as well as archaic Homo fossils in the lower levels [4][5][2]. It is also well known for the discovery of Europe’s oldest human fossils, including a 1.2 to 1.3 million-year-old mandible [4] and a hand phalanx [6], and more recently facial fragments estimated to be 1.4 million years old [7]. 

Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, Russia is the type locality of the Denisovans. It contains stratified deposits that preserve skeletal and genetic evidence of hominins, artefacts made from stone and other materials, and a range of animal and plant remains. Hominin remains recovered include Denisovans, Neanderthals, and a first-generation offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father, which suggests that Denisova Cave was a contact zone between these archaic hominins [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Swartkrans is an early Pleistocene cave site in South Africa’s Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. The site has yielded fossils of several early hominin species. Hominin fossil finds in the site include those of Homo ergaster, Paranthropus robustus, and Homo habilis, dating as far back as 2.3 million years ago. These discoveries, along with stone artefacts, bone and horn tools, and evidence of the controlled use of fire, have contributed significantly to our understanding of the evolution of early Homo and Paranthropus, as well as the earliest archaeology of southern Africa [1][2][3].

Molodova I is a multistratified Middle and Upper Paleolithic open-air site in Ukraine known for providing evidence of the possible earliest use of mammoth bones as a building material. This discovery provided significant data on the possible relationship between mammoths and early humans, as well as more information on Neanderthal subsistence strategies [1].

Callao Cave is a limestone cave located in the municipality of Peñablanca in the Philippines. The cave has been intermittently occupied since the Neolithic period up to the Late Pleistocene. It is known for the discovery of the Homo luzonensis a small-bodied hominin that lived on Luzon island from 50,000 to 67,000 years ago [1][2].